A sprain of the arch occurs when the ligaments which hold the bones together are overstretched and the fibers tear. Injury to the bones of the foot can be caused by a single blow or twist to the arch or also by repetitive trauma, which can result in a stress fracture. Injured or tight muscles may lead to incorrect biomechanics and in turn cause arch pain. Many of the muscles of the lower leg and foot attach on or near the arch. A blunt-force injury such as someone stepping on your foot may result not only in a bruise (contusion) but also in damage to the primary and secondary structures of the foot. Sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures may be the result of a single stress or a combination of stresses to the foot. When the plantar fascia is damaged, the resulting inflammatory response may become a source of arch pain. It runs from the calcaneus (heel) forwards to the heads of the metatarsals. The plantar fascia is the thick, connective tissue which supports the arch on the bottom of the foot. Injury to the plantar fascia is a common cause of arch pain. Direct force trauma, ligament sprains, muscle strains, poor biomechanical alignment, stress fractures, overuse, inflammatory arthritis or the tightness or lack of tightness of the joints in the foot may all cause pain in the arch. When something happens to these structures, pain and injury may result. The arches are the primary structures of the body that absorb and return force to and from the body to the outside world when we are on our feet.
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